Sunday 2 October 2011

ENGLISH - VERB FORMATION


VERB – FORMATION

1] From nouns                       add  “-ize”  at the end of the word.
Eg.,      apology – apologize
Authority, character, centre, colony, economy, harmony, idol, magnetize, memory, monopoly, nature, patron, sermon,

2] From Adjectives                add  “-ize”  at the end of the word.
Eg.,      brutal – brutalize
Civil, equal, familiar, general, special, stable, utility, victim

3] From nouns                       add  “-fy”  at the end of the word.
Eg.,      class – classify
Diety, electricity, glory, justice, beauty, notice, person

4] From Adjectives                add  “-fy”  at the end of the word.
Eg.,      clear – clarify
False, just, pur, specific, stupid, vile, terror, verse,

5] From nouns                       add  “-en”  at the end of the word.
Eg.,      haste – hasten
Height, black, tight, bright, white, light,

6] From Adjectives                add  “-en”  at the end of the word.
Eg.,      cheap – cheapen
Dark, deep, hard, long, mad, moist, short, sick, sweet, thick, white, wide

7] From nouns                       add  “-e”  at the end of the word.
Eg.,      bath – bathe
Breath, cloth,

8] From Adjectives                 add  “-em”  at the end of the word.
Eg.,      bitter – embitter

9]  From nouns                        add  “en-”  at the beginning of the word.
Eg.,      circle – encircle
List, role, shrine, slave, snare, rich, danger, force

10]  From adjectives               add  “en-”  at the beginning of the word.
Eg.,      able – enable
Dear, feeble, large, noble, rich, sure, throne, title

11]  From nouns                      add  “-ate”  at the end of the word.
Eg.,      habit – habituate
Necessity, origin, office, society

12]  From adjectives               add  “-ate”  at the beginning of the word.
Eg.,      humble – humiliate
Table, vice

13] belief – believe,   relief – relieve,  thief – thieve

14] brood-breed,  food-feed

15] abundant-abound,  brief-abbreviate,  clean – cleanse,  cool-chill,  dense-condense, 
firm-confirm,  found-fondle,  full-fill,  hale-heal,  lame-limp,  perpetual-perpetuate, 
proper-appropriate,  public-publish,  safe-save,  solid-consolidate,  strange-estrange, 
venerable-venerate,   tale-tell,  vapour-evaporate,  vigour - invigorate 

16] company-accompany,  drop-drip,  frost-freeze,  glass-glaze,  gold-gild,  grass-graze, 
heir-inherit,  knot-knit,  loss-lose,  peace-pecify,  prison-imprison,  sale-sell








RELIGION


RELIGION

HOLY  BOOKS
1.       Holy book of the Hindus                                                               Vedas
2.       Holy book of the Muslims                                                            Qoran
3.       Holy book of the Christians                                                          New Testament
4.       Holy book of the Jews                                                                   Bible/Torah
5.       Holy book of the Sikhs                                                                   Guru Grandha Saheb
6.       Holy book of the Parsees                                                             Zend Avestha
7.       Holy book of the Buddhism                                                         Tripitakas
8.       Holy book of the Jains                                                                    Angas
9.       Holy book of the Taoism
10.   Holy book of the Shintoism

TEMPLES
1.       The temple of the Hindus                                                            Devalayam
2.       The temple of the Muslims                                                         Masjid
3.       The temple of the Christians                                                       Church
4.       The temple of the Jews                                                                Synagoge
5.       The temple of the Sikhs                                                                Guru Dwara
6.       The temple of the Parsees                                                          Fire Temple
7.       The temple of the Buddhism                                                      Chaityam
8.       The temple of the Jains
9.       The temple of the

COMMON  NAMES  OF  GOD
1.       Almighty
2.       Omni Present
3.       Omniscient
4.       Omnipotent
5.       He
6.       God

GODS
1.       The God of the Hindus                                                                 
2.       The God of the Christians                                                             Jesus
3.       The God of the Muslims                                                               Allah
4.       The God of the Jews                                                                      Yehova
5.       The God of the Sikhs                                                                      ---
6.       The God of the Parsees                                                                Sun
7.       The God of the Buddhists                                                            Budha
8.       The God of the Jains                                                                       Mahavira
9.       The God of the shintoists                                                             own parents

General Questions
1.       What is black mass?
2.       If gods too have families, quarrel for portfolios, ill-feelings, …then who can save them?
3.       Why can’t god eliminate Saitan?
4.       Why should we worship god?
5.       Could he stop First world war?
6.       Could he stop Second world war?
7.       Could he stop imperialism?
8.       Could he stop exploitation?
9.       Why can’t he create all equal?
10.   Why can’t he eliminate untouchability?
11.   Though there are so many gods, still we are poor. Why?

The goddess of beauty                                                                                  = Venus
 The richest God                                                                                               = Venkateswara                               Tirupathi
The God of strength                                                                                       = Herculus/Atlas/Hanuman

THE EVOLUTION OF GODS.
God.
Who is He?
What is He?
Why is He here/there?
Why should we worship Him?
Whether god created man or Man created god?
          These were the questions which tormented me since my childhood. The following are the conclusions to which I arrived at. These may be correct or may not be. Why because this “god” concept is imaginary. So how can we argue on imagination telling that my imagination is correct or his imagination is correct? It is not a scientific fact to apply logic.
          What I presume
If someone is interested in body building or afraid of                      the god is Hanuman
If someone is interested in money                                                          the god is laxmi
If someone is interested in polygamy                                                     the god is Krishna
If someone is interested in …….                                                                 the god is ……
          Likewise the chain goes on. Thus 33 crore gods were created by man in Hindu religion.
Man has many weaknesses so are the gods. Gods have wives, children, fighting for portfolios and so on.
They too are ready to set up small house that is second set up. Almost all the gods have second family.                                                                                                                                                                
          When man was very primitive, when he was in stone age, he had no time to think about why so many things happen in this nature. His main aim was hunt and get food.  With whatever he got he was happy.
           One day a part of the forest was burnt naturally. He found some dead bodies of birds or other small creatures burnt and fried. He tasted that. He realised that if flesh is burnt in fire, it becomes very tasty.  Another thing that he found was that, a burnt one could be preserved for days. Next day onwards he started burning the flesh of animals that he had hunted. The made him to stay in his cave leisurely for one or two days. Then he started looking around.
          That day onwards he started getting doubts. What is rain? Who is that giving light? Why so many animals? And so on “n” number of questions for which he had no answer. Now for every question he got, he imagined a god. Likewise multiple gods were created by him. That was how god concept took birth. It took birth because the cave man could not understand the nature. So god was created out of doubt.
         
THE EVOLUTION OF CUSTOMS

THE EVOLUTION OF CULTURES





QUESTIONS - LIGHT


QUESTIONS  ON  LIGHT

  1. 1.      The powder of any glass is white. Why?
  2. 2.      Why does sunflower always face the sun?
  3. 3.      How is white light split into seven colours when passed through a prism?
  4. 4.      Why molten was which is transparent becomes opaque at normal temperature?
  5. 5.      Why do clothes fade in colour under sun light?
  6. 6.      While aiming why do we close one eye?
  7. 7.      How do plants carry out photosynthesis in spite of shedding leaves during winter?
  8. 8.      Why are concentric circles of different radii sometimes seen around the Moon?
  9. 9.      How does mehandi impart colour?
  10. 10.  Why is snow white?
  11. 11.  Why do oceans seem blue or green?
  12. 12.  What is a light year?
  13. 13.  What is aurora borealis?
  14. 14.  What is aurora australialis?
  15. 15.  What is periscope?
  16. 16.  What is parallax error?
  17. 17.  Why does clothes look dark when immersed in water?
  18. 18.  During winter the fingers look black. Why?
  19. 19.  Why are rain clouds black?
  20. 20.  What is moon light?
  21. 21.  Why do some insects are attracted towards light?
  22. 22.  Why is that light can pass through transparent objects but not through opaque ones?
  23. 23.  Why sun set is so beautiful?
  24. 24.  Why sun looks in different colours at different timings?
  25. 25.  Let water be of any colour. Its shower is white. Why ?
  26. 26.  When oil is sprinkled on water surface, many colours are formed. Why?
  27. 27.  How does a glow worm emit light?
  28. 28.  Different flames have different light. Why ?
  29. 29.  Why some clouds are white and some black or of different colours?
  30. 30.  What is corpuscular theory?
  31. 31.  Why there won’t be shadow when more lights are there around?
  32. 32.  Why can’t we see the shadow of an aeroplane?
  33. 33.  If sun light is outside how is that inside the house there is light?
  34. 34.  What is the velocity of light?
  35. 35.  How can we measure star distances with light?
  36. 36.  Which is the most attractive colour combination?
  37. 37.  Why signals are red or green in colour?
  38. 38.  Sometimes even if the glass piece is transparent, light comes to our eyes. Why ?
  39. 39.  Why leaves are green in colour?
  40. 40.  Why blood is red in colour?
  41. 41.  What are the fundamental colours?
  42. 42.  How many colours can our eye distinguish?
  43. 43.  Why red colour creates terror?
  44. 44.  Can animals distinguish colours?
  45. 45.  Why hair is black in colour?
  46. 46.  What are the properties of light?
  47. 47.  What properties light will not have after leaving the atmosphere?
  48. 48.  Which light enables us to see in darkness?
  49. 49.  Which light is dangerous to our skin?
  50. 50.  There are many sources of light. But only sun light can give life. Why?

Saturday 27 August 2011

ENGLISH - ONE WORD SUBSTITUTES 3


ONE WORD SUBSTITUTES  3

act of quiet walking = tip toe
am adventurous episode = venture
any construction to commemorate great events or persons = commemoration
amount deducted from the declared price = rebate/discount
a man who accompanies another in a crime = accomplice
Organic compounds corresponding to inorganic salts = esters
A person who is inclined to do new things or old things in new way = experimentalist
A village agricultural taxation clerk in the British Indian system = Patwari
A graduate student of a university who is granted a scholarship = fellowship
A biological catalyst allowing chemical reactions to take place rapidly at body temperature =protein
Fill with or stimulate feeling and interest = inspiration
A nitrogen based, pentose sugar and a phosphate group = nucleotide
An amino group having –NH2  which is fundamental to life = amino acid
Large molecules consisting of chains of nucleotide = nucleic acid
A large group of proteins produced by living cells which act as catalysts in the chemical reactions upon which life depends = enzymes
A chromosome builder which controls inherited characters of an organism and is capable of mutation = gene
Thread like bodies that occur in the nuclei of living cells which carry the genetic code = chromosomes
Study of functioning of various organs of our body = physiology
Bring out the significance of something = interpret
The branch of science that studies the living things = biology
A living thing = organism
The scientific study of birds = ornithology
A person who looks after the maintenance of a museum = curator
The science of classification of things = taxonomy
The study of the relation of animals to their environment = ecology
Imitate others to cause amusement = mimic
Information of death given in newspapers with a brief history = obituary
Institution where persons suffering from tuberculosis are given treatment = TB ward
Knowledge of everything = omniscient
Of the same kind or nature = homogeneous
Disease accompanied by pain, stiffness, and inflammation of muscles and joints = Dangue
Excessive formalities in official or public business causing unnecessary delay =  redtapism
Expressing sympathy with people in their loss of their dear ones  =  condolence
Group of small islands in a sea = archipelago
A society of monks and nuns, living under the same rule = order
A distinct for which a bishop is responsible = diocesan
A home providing care for people who are sick and terminally sick =  hospices
Wide spread occurrence of an infection disease in a community at a particular time = epidemic
The office of the Pope/surrounding office  of Pope = Holy See
Officially declare a dead person to be a saint = canonization
An extraordinary and welcome event believed to be the work of God = Miracle
The act of intervening on behalf of someone = Intercession
Ignored or avoided by others = shun
Any organization’s involvement with or influence in the community = Outreach
The act of formally declaring a dead person ‘blessed’ = Beatification
A building where dead bodies are kept before burial = mortuary
Custom of having more than one wife at the same time = polygamy
Collection and discussion of essays by several persons on a topic = symposium
Cruel killing of a large number of people = genocide
Custom of marrying only within the clan = homogamy
Go away from one’s own country to another to settle there   = emigrate
Grass land for feeding cattle   =          ranch
Lie and wait to make a surprise attack          =         pounce
Living by eating both vegetables and flesh     =          omnivorous
Make accusations which are not proved        =         allegation
Move quickly to and fro                                   =          oscillate/vibrate
One who repairs house-hold utensils             =          tinker
A signal light for ships or aircrafts                 =          beacon
Burn or scorch somebody with a sudden intense heat          =         sear
A member of black people who originated in Africa                =          Negro
Unable to be taken away                                                        =          inalienable
A metal band around hand to restrict somebody                               =          manacle
Move rapidly round and round                                                           =          whirl
A road side hotel for motorists                                                            =          motel
A part of a city occupied by people of a particular race                     =          ghetto
A state of difficulty or suffering                                                           =          tribulation
Treat someone in a cruel way over a long period of time                    =          persecution
A small mound of earth thrown up by a burrowing mole                   =         Molehill
A person or animal is kept somewhere and is not allowed to leave   =         captive
To exist in an unpleasant or unwanted situation often for a long time =      languish
Make someone unconscious especially with a drug               =         tranquilize
A herd of wild pigs       = sounder
A band attached to a saddle and fastened around a horse’s belly    = girth
A person’s facial expression   = countenance
Look with difficulty      = peer
A layer of dirt or froth on the surface of a liquid        = scum
Soft explosive sounds = sputter
Move with short movements side to side        = waggle
Frame work of a bed    = bedstead
 Quart - A unit of volume or capacity in the US Customary System, used in liquid measure, equal to / 4 gallon or 32 ounces
   Shuck - A husk, pod, or shell, as of a pea, hickory nut, or ear of corn. The shell of an oyster or clam
 Green - Lacking training or experience
  Furrow - A long shallow trench in the ground; make wrinkled or creased; a deep wrinkle in the skin, as on the forehead
 Trite - Lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition; hackneyed
 Suture - The process of joining two surfaces or edges together along a line by or as if by sewing
 Furor - A general commotion; public disorder or uproar. Violent anger; frenzy; a fashion adopted enthusiastically by the public; a fad
Castigate - To inflict severe punishment on; to criticize severely
Pique - A state of vexation caused by a perceived slight or indignity; a feeling of wounded pride
Sanctimonious - Excessively or hypocritically pious; feigning piety or righteousness; of or practicing hypocrisy
Evacuant - Of, relating to, or tending to eliminate; tending to cleanse or purge, especially causing evacuation of the bowels
Striate - Marked with striae; striped, grooved, or ridged; to mark with a line or band, as of different color or texture
Legerdemain - A show of skill or deceitful cleverness; the use of skillful tricks and deceptions to produce entertainingly baffling effects
Overture- An instrumental composition intended especially as an introduction to an extended work, such as an opera or oratorio
Opera - A theatrical presentation in which a dramatic performance is set to music; the score of such a work
Chasten - To castigate for the purpose of improving; to correct using punishment or suffering
Hirsute - Covered with hair; having a hairy covering
Chortle - To laugh quietly; a snorting, joyful laugh or chuckle
Topical - Of or belonging to a particular location or place; local;currently of interest; contemporary
Perfunctory - Hasty and without attention to detail; not thorough
Terrestrial - Earthly     
Livestock - Domestic animals, such as cattle or horses, raised for home use or for profit, especially on a farm
Gall - The quality or state of feeling bitter; the state or quality of being impudent or arrogantly self-confident; to trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, especially by repeated vexations; nerve, brashness; upset, irritate
Frisky - Playful
Quatrain - A stanza or poem of four lines
Hubris - Overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance
Kudos - Acclaim or praise for exceptional achievement
Exodus - A departure from a place or country, especially of many people; act of leaving
Vulgaris - Being of the usual type; common
Frill - Something costly and unnecessary
Superficiality - Trivial; insignificant
Void - An empty space
Swath - A path or strip; the space created by the swing of a scythe or the cut of a mowing machine
Haughty - Scornfully and condescendingly proud; arrogant
Vaporous - Extravagantly fanciful; high-flown; so light and insubstantial as to resemble air or a thin film
Saga - Epic tale, long story; a long detailed report
Sagittal - Of or relating to the suture uniting the two parietal bones of the skull;
Eyesore - Something, such as a distressed building, that is unpleasant or offensive to view
Vim - Ebullient vitality and energy; an imaginative lively style
Formulaic - Being of no special quality or type
Budge - To move very slightly; overformal; pompous
Superfluity - Overabundance; excess
Pelf - Wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired
Impecunious - Lacking money; penniless
Confinement - Imprisonment; restriction
Rostrum - A stage or raised platform for public speaking
Denude - To divest of covering; make bare
Stultify - Deprive of strength or efficiency; make useless or worthless; cause to appear foolish; prove to be of unsound mind or demonstrate someone’s incompetence
Faradic - Of, relating to, or using an intermittent asymmetrical alternating electric current produced by an induction coil
Martinet - A strict disciplinarian, especially in the armed forces; one who demands absolute adherence to forms and rules
Vulgar - Common, general; rude, offensive
Aesthetic - Showing good taste
Cistern - A receptacle for holding water or other liquid, especially a tank for catching and storing rainwater
Wanton - Careless; cruel, malicious
Grovel - To support slavishly every opinion or suggestion of a superior; to behave in a servile or demeaning manner
Shoal - A shallow part of a body of water: shallow; measuring little from bottom to top or surface
Sylvan - Relating to or characteristic of woods or forest regions; abounding in trees; wooded

Words from Proper Names

Jingoist: One who boasts about his patriotism and favors a warlike foreign policy. In 1877, British Prime Minister Disraeli sent the fleet to Gallipoli to slow up the Russians. A singer wrote a ditty called “By Jingo” in honor of that action.
Lothario: rake; seducer; lover. Lothario was an amorous character in an eighteenth-century play. The Fair Penitent.
Maverick: one who acts independently. Samuel Maverick was a Texas rancher who refused to brand his cattle as others were doing.
Nemesis: Agent of retribution; just punishment. In Greek mythology, the goddess Nemesis punished pretentiousness with her swords and avenging wings.
Philanderer: one who makes love insincerely; one who engages in passing love affairs. The word comes from the Greek philandros (“man loving”) but gained its current usage because many English playwrights gave the name to their romantic leads.
Philippic: Bitter verbal attack. Philip II of Macedon wanted to make Greece into a monarchy. He was opposed by the great orator, Demosthenes, who denounced Philip in devastating speeches that came to be known as philippics.
Procrustean: designed to secure conformity; drastic. An ancient Greek robber named Procrustes tied his victims to a bed and then, to make them fit the bed, stretched the short ones and hacked off the limbs of the taller ones.
Protean: changeable; taking on different forms. In Greek mythology, Proteus was a sea god who could change his appearance at will.
Pyrrhic victory: a victory that is exceptionally costly. Pyrrhus defeated the Romans in 279 B.C. but his losses were terribly heavy.
Quixotic: romantically idealistic; impractical. The Spanish novelist, Cervantes, brought this word into our language when he wrote Don Quixote. His hero went forth foolishly to tilt against windmills and help the downtrodden.
Saturnine: sluggish; gloomy; grave. The planet Saturn is so far form the sun that it was thought to be cold and dismal.
Solecism: substandard use of words; violation of good manners. This word derives form the Greek inhabitants of the colony of Soloi who used a slangy dialect.
Spoonerism: an unintentional exchange of sounds. Reverend Spooner of New College, Oxford occasionally twisted his words around when he got excited so that “conquering kings: came out as “kinkering congs”
Sybarite: one who is fond of luxury and soft living. Sybaris was a fabulously wealthy Italian city, symbolic of the good life.
Tawdry: cheap; gaudy; showy. This word can be terraced to St. Audrey. Scarves called “St. Audrey’s laces” were sold in England where the local people changed the pronunciation to tawdry. The quality of the scarves, which at first was good, deteriorated, when they were mass produced for the peasant trade.

Digress- To turn aside, especially from the main subject in writing or speaking; stray
Aphorism - A brief statement of a principle; a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; an adage
Eulogy - A laudatory speech or written tribute, especially one praising someone who has died; high praise or commendation
Fallacious - Tending to mislead; deceptive
Solemn - Deeply earnest, serious, and sober; gloomy; somber; performed with full ceremony; invoking the force of religion; sacred
Dissention - Difference of opinion; disagreement
Suture - The fine thread or other material used surgically to close a wound or join tissues; a seam used in surgery; thread of catgut or silk or wire used by surgeons to stitch tissues together; join with a suture, as of a wound in surgery
Sangfroid - A stable, calm state of the emotions
Humdrum - Lacking variety or excitement; dull; boring , dull; monotonous talk or routine.
Untenable - Incapable of being defended or justified
Inexpungeable - Not capable of being expunged
Expunged - To erase or strike out
Obliterate - To do away with completely so as to leave no trace
Happenstance - An unexpected random event
Charisma - The power or quality of attracting
Bore - One that is wearingly dull, repetitive, or tedious
Muster - To assemble, prepare, or put into operation, as for war or a similar emergency; a number of persons who have come or been gathered together
Crew - A group of people organized for a particular purpose; serve as a crew member on
Cord - To pile (wood) in cords; a line made of twisted fibers or threads
Polymorphous - Having, or assuming, a variety of forms, characters, or styles
Incontrovertible - Impossible to dispute; unquestionable
Pulchritude - Great physical beauty and appeal
Flounder - To make clumsy attempts to move or regain one’s balance
Nugatory - Of little or no importance; trifling. having no force; invalid
Hull - Dry outer covering of a fruit or seed or nut; the frame or body of ship
Succinct - Marked by or consisting of few words that are carefully chosen; brief, to the point; briefly giving the gist of something
Diazepam - A tranquilizer (trade name Valium) used to relieve anxiety and relax muscles; acts by enhancing the inhibitory actions of the neurotransmitter GABA
Sagitta - A constellation in the Northern Hemisphere near Aquila and Vulpecula
Amity - Peaceful relations, as between nations; friendship
Decimate - To destroy or kill a large part of (a group)
Fecund - Capable of producing offspring or vegetation; fruitful. Marked by intellectual productivity
Tawdry - Gaudy and cheap in nature or appearance; cheap, tasteless
Marrow - The most central and material part; the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience
Cognizant - Fully informed; conscious
Fiasco - A complete failure
Folly - A lack of good sense, understanding, or foresight; an act or instance of foolishness: regretted the follies of his youth
Forage - Food for domestic animals; fodder. The act of looking or searching for food or provisions




647. PRESENTATION SKILLS MBA I - II

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